This ontology is a CNR-ISTI implementation in OWL 2 DL of LRMoo, the object-oriented formulation that harmonizes the IFLA Library Reference Model (LRM) with the event-centric approach of CIDOC CRM and the FRBRoo tradition. The ontology provides a formal vocabulary for representing bibliographic entities and their lifecycle, spanning abstract intellectual creation, realization, embodiment, and exemplification, as well as the associated agents, events, naming practices, and controlled terminologies. By offering a logically grounded OWL 2 DL representation, this implementation supports automated reasoning, data validation patterns, and semantic interoperability across library, archive, and museum contexts, enabling consistent integration of heterogeneous cultural heritage metadata in Linked Data environments.
The convergence of bibliographic description and cultural heritage documentation increasingly requires semantic models capable of bridging heterogeneous practices and systems. Libraries, archives, and museums have historically adopted different descriptive standards and metadata schemas, each optimized for domain-specific needs. While these approaches are successful within their respective contexts, they often limit interoperability and the reuse of information across institutional boundaries.
LRMoo addresses this challenge by expressing the IFLA Library Reference Model in an object-oriented and event-aware formalism aligned with the CIDOC CRM family. It supports both the bibliographic abstraction of intellectual products (e.g., Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item) and the explicit modeling of activities and relationships that contextualize them (e.g., creation, production, performance, publication, recording, naming, and use). This combination enables richer provenance, clearer accountability of agents and roles, and more precise temporal modeling than purely record-centric metadata approaches.
The present ontology is developed at CNR-ISTI as an implementation of LRMoo in OWL 2 DL. OWL 2 DL provides a well-defined computational profile suitable for semantic web deployments that require decidable reasoning. The implementation aims to preserve the conceptual intent of LRMoo while supporting practical requirements such as stable identifiers, reusable design patterns, and alignment with existing CIDOC CRM/FRBRoo-based datasets.
The ontology organizes bibliographic and cultural heritage knowledge around a small set of foundational categories: intellectual products, events/processes, agents, and identification/terminology. The model is designed to be used in conjunction with CIDOC CRM-aligned descriptions, enabling cross-domain integration without sacrificing bibliographic specificity.
Implemented in OWL 2 DL, the ontology is suitable for reasoning-based applications such as entity consolidation, integrity checking via ontology-aware constraints, inference of implicit relations, and semantic search over bibliographic and heritage collections.
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F1_Work
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F11_Corporate_Body
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F12_Nomen
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F18_Serial_Work
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F2_Expression
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F27_Work_Conception
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F28_Expression_Creation
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F29_Recording_Event
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F3_Manifestation
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F30_Manifestation_Creation
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F31_Performance
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F32_Carrier_Production_Event
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F33_Reproduction_Event
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F34_Controlled_Vocabulary
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F36_Script_Conversion
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F38_Character
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F39_Family
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F5_Item
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F51_Pursuit
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F52_Name_Use_Activity
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F55_Collective_Agent
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/F56_Externalization_Event
IRI: http://erlangen-crm.org/211015/P165_incorporates
IRI: http://erlangen-crm.org/211015/P165i_is_incorporated_in
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R1_is_logical_successor_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R10_has_member
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R10i_is_member_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R11_has_issuing_rule
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R11i_is_issuing_rule_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R15_has_fragment
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R15i_is_fragment_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R16_initiated
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R16i_was_initiated_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R17_created
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R17i_was_created_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R18_created
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R18i_was_created_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R19_created_a_realisation_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R19i_was_realised_through
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R1i_has_successor
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R2_is_derivative_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R20_recorded
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R20i_was_recorded_through
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R24_created
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R24i_was_created_through
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R26_produced_things_of_type
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R26i_was_produced_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R27_materialized
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R27i_was_materialized_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R28_produced
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R28i_was_produced_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R29_reproduced_object
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R29i_was_object_reproduced_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R2i_has_derivative
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R3_is_realised_in
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R30_reproduced_publication
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R30i_was_publication_reproduced_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R34_has_validity_period
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R34i_is_validity_period_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R35_is_specified_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R35i_specifies
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R36_uses_script_conversion
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R36i_is_script_conversion_used_in
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R3i_realises
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R4_embodies
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R45_assigned_to
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R45_was_assigned_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R4i_is_embodied_in
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R5_has_component
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R54_has_language
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R54i_is_language_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R57_is_based_on
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R57i_is_basis_for
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R58_has_fictional_member
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R58i_is_fictional_member_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R59_had_typical_subject
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R59i_was_typical_subject_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R5i_is_component_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R60_used_to_use_language
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R60i_was_language_used_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R61_occurred_in_kind_of_context
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R61i_was_kind_of_context_for
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R62_was_used_for_membership_in
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R62i_was_context_for
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R63_named
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R63i_was_named_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R64_used_name
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R64i_was_name_used_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R65_recorded_aspects_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R65i_had_aspects_recorded_through
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R66_included_performed_version_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R66i_had_a_performed_version_through
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R67_has_part
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R67i_forms_part_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R68_is_inspired_by
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R68i_is_inspiration_for
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R69_has_physical_form
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R69i_is_physical_form_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R7_is_materialization_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R70_has_dimension
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R70i_is_dimension_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R71_has_part
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R71i_is_part_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R73_takes_representative_attribute_from
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R73i_bears_representative_attribute_for
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R74_uses_expression_of
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R74i_has_expression_used_in
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R75_incorporates
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R75i_is_incorporated_in
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R7i_is_materialized_in
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R8_combines
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R8i_is_combined_to_form
IRI: http://imagoarchive.it/ilrmoo/R33_has_content
The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.